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SLOTH BEAR PROFESSIONAL
Our core businesses produce scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, reference works, books, database services, and advertising professional books, subscription products, certification and training services and online applications and education content and services including integrated online teaching and learning resources for undergraduate and graduate students and lifelong learners. Wiley is a global provider of content and content-enabled workflow solutions in areas of scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly research professional development and education. Sloth bear populations may subsist in sanctuaries smaller than would be expected for an ursid, given sufficient alluvial habitat. Home ranges of sloth bears in Chitwan were small compared with those of other ursids, and unlike typical ursids, sloth bears were not attracted to croplands outside the park, where they would have been subjected to risks of human-related mortality. We propose that digging for termites (sloth bears' primary food) was difficult in alluvium when the ground was saturated, prompting large males to move to better drained uplands. These bears are generally not aggressive, but. Alluvial dry season ranges were smaller (P < 0.05) than wet season ranges, for bears that had moved to the sal and for those that did not, suggesting that alluvium offered a plentiful food supply during the dry season. Their sense of smell is well developed but their sight and hearing are poor. After the wet season (May-Nov), males returned to the alluvium (median return date = 14 Nov). Six of 8 males tracked ≥1 year exhibited seasonal home range shifts from grasslands and riverine forests of the alluvial floodplain to upland sal (Shorea robusta)-dominated forest during the onset of the monsoon (median movement date = 1 Jun) however, the 2 smallest males and most females did not make seasonal range shifts to sal forest. During 1990-93, we captured and radiocollared 18 sloth bears in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal, and tracked their movements for ≤3 years to assess whether sloth bears have large ranges like other bears, or if, as a result of their myrmecophagous foraging habits, their home ranges are smaller. Ursids generally have large home ranges, often with widely separated seasonal ranges, whereas myrmecophagous mammals tend to have relatively small ranges for their body size. Females emit crooning sounds to their cubs.Sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) are the only myrmecophagous ursid. Sounds such as gurgling or humming are made by bears resting or sucking their paws.
When hurt or afraid, they shriek, yowl, or whimper. Yelps are made when bears are angered, threatening, or when fighting.
Sloth bears are very vocal and communicate with the help of barks, screams, grunts, roars, snarls, whickers, and woofs. To mark their territories, they scrape trees with their forepaws and rub against them with their flanks. Females carry their cubs up trees as the primary defense against attacks by predators instead of sending them up trees. They may climb to feed and to rest, though not to escape enemies, as they prefer to stand their ground. Although they appear slow and clumsy, Sloth bears are excellent climbers. Sloth bears walk in slow, shambling motion but are capable of galloping faster than running humans. They make their day beds out of broken branches in trees and rest in caves during the wet season. They are nocturnal, though females become more active in the daytime when with cubs. Sloth bears are generally solitary animals, however, they are sometimes seen in pairs.
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